High-quality cultivation techniques for thin-skinned melon

“Hua Lei” is the newly-developed thin-skin type hybrid melon variety cultivated by Tianjin Kerun Vegetable Research Institute. The plant grows strong and has good disease resistance. The results of Ziman and Sunman can be 4 to 5 per plant, the average melon weight is about 500 grams, the fruit ripening period is about 30 days, and the ripening result is yellow and dark green. Block, fleshy green, soluble solid content of more than 15%, fleshy crisp, good taste, rich flavor, deeply favored by consumers. The “flower mine” has wide adaptability. It can be planted in spring and autumn in all parts of the country. The main cultivation techniques are as follows.

First, cultivate strong seedlings

Cultivating strong seedlings is the primary step in the high-quality and high-yield production of melons. The most important thing is to choose the appropriate sowing date.

1. Selection of sowing date

In the early spring cultivation, the minimum temperature of the cultivation environment is stable at 15 °C or above, and the forward sowing period is 25 to 35 days. The seedling stage is about 25 days, and the seedling age is 30 to 35 days. ). The greenhouse in Tianjin was planted in late December, the solar greenhouse was planted in the middle and late January, and the plastic greenhouse was planted in late February. The types of common cultivation facilities and sowing dates in North China are shown in Table 1.

2. Soaking seeds and germination

The seeds are removed, and the seeds are dried, and the seeds with full grain are selected for soaking and germination. The suitable temperature for soaking water is 50-55 ° C, the amount of water is 5-6 times that of melon seeds, and it is soaked for 4-6 hours after stirring to normal temperature. Drain the surface moisture of the seeds, wrap them in wet gauze, and place them in an incubator at 30-32 °C for germination. Generally, about 20 hours, more than 50% of the seeds can be sown after being exposed. Before planting, pre-package nutrient bowls or plugs, pour water, one capsule per hole, cover the film after sowing, and then cover the small arch shed to keep the temperature of the seedbed at around 30 °C to ensure quick emergence and emergence. It takes 3 to 4 days from sowing to emergence.

3. Seedling management

After the emergence of the film, the film is removed, but the small arch film should be gradually uncovered, and the temperature should be appropriately lowered to prevent the lengthening and prevent the seedlings. At the same time pay attention to ventilation and dehumidification, the daytime temperature is maintained at about 28 °C, and maintained at around 18 °C at night. Gradually reduce the temperature to about 20 °C before planting, and gradually strengthen the ventilation, and carry out the refining, the purpose is to increase the survival rate of colonization.

Second, field planting

In the early spring, the best period for cultivation and planting is three-leaf and one heart. At the same time, the minimum temperature in the facility should be above 12 °C, and the temperature at 15 cm should be stable above 15 °C. Fertilize the land in advance, apply 4000 kg of high-quality farmyard manure, 40 kg of compound fertilizer and 20 kg of potash fertilizer per mu. Before planting, the wells are planted or planted, and the depth is generally slightly deeper than the nutrient. When planting, take it lightly to prevent it from spreading, so as not to cause a large seedling and affect growth. The planting density of single vines in the facility is 2000 plants per mu, the row spacing is 45 cm×70 cm, the planting density of double vines is 1300-1500 per mu, and the planting density of open cultivation is 1500 per acre. The row spacing is 40 cm×110. cm. Immediately after planting, watering was carried out, and after 2 days, plastic film was placed to increase the ground temperature and prevent weeds from growing.

Third, field management

1. Fertilizer management

The principle of watering and fertilizing is to ensure the normal growth of the plants in the early stage, and to prevent the excessive water and fertilizer from being too long to be fruity. Generally, after 7 to 10 days of planting, a slow seedling water is poured, and then watering is carried out depending on the soil moisture during the flowering period. When the fruit grows to the size of the egg, it is poured into the water of the melon and the fertilizer is applied, and 30 kg of diammonium phosphate and 20 kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu. During the fruit ripening period, the water can be properly poured according to the soil moisture, and the rigorous flooding can cause flooding and affecting the commodity.

2. Pruning

"Fei Lei" vines, sun vines can be the result, so you can carry out single or double vine pruning. The single vine pruning is to remove the side branches of the main vines below 6-8 knots, and the side branches of 9 or more sections can continuously keep 4 to 5 melons, and the side branches leave 2 leaves to pick the heart. When the main vines are 25 leaves, the heart is topped. The double vine pruning is the topping of the seedlings when 4 to 5 leaves are taken. After each branch grows, the two branches are selected to be strong and growable. The vines of the vines below 6 knots are destroyed in time, and the vines of 7 or more are sprinkled. As a result, each of the Sun Man leaves 2 to 3 melons.

3. Auxiliary pollination

Due to the small number of insects in the facility cultivation environment, there is no external media pollination, so it is not easy to set fruit, and supplementary pollination is required. The best time for artificially assisted pollination is from 6 to 10 am. Select the strong male flower that is open on the day or plant, peel off the corolla, and spread evenly on the head of the female flower. In addition, methods such as beekeeping and hormone treatment can be used to promote fruit setting.

4. Harvest

During the harvesting period, the melon cultivation technique can be determined according to the ripening period of the fruit, and in addition, according to the characteristic characteristics of the variety, the harvest can be timely, for example: the color of the peel, the presence or absence of aroma, the color change of the leaves of the fruit branch. When the "flower thunder" matures, the peel is yellow, the plaque is thick green, and the aroma is tangy. At this time, it should be harvested in time.

Fourth, pest control

Tripping disease

Common diseases in the seedling stage, the disease is easy to occur in the case of low temperature, high humidity and rain, and weak seedlings. At the beginning of the disease, there was a yellow water-soaked lesion, and the diseased part gradually dried up, eventually falling down and dying, and white cotton-like hyphae grew around the diseased plant. For the prevention and treatment of rickets, 64% anti-virus 矾M8 wettable powder 500 times solution, 25% toxic mycelium WP 1500-800 times liquid, 50% carbendazim WP 500 times liquid and the like can be used.

2. Fusarium wilt

Melon is susceptible to soil-borne diseases, and the most common occurrence in the middle of fruit setting is the most serious. At the time of onset, the base of the stem collapsed, longitudinally split and yellow-brown gel overflowed, and the veins became yellow. The initial wilting of the whole plant could be restored sooner or later, and the whole plant died in the later stage. The onset of wilt disease is 24 to 28 °C, and the plots such as continuous cropping, mucilage, and poor drainage are extremely susceptible to disease. Once the diseased plant is found in the field, it can be treated with 70% methyl thiophanate WP 1000-1500 times solution, 40% guaranine 1000 times solution or 60% ubiquitin WP 400-500 times solution.

3. Downy mildew

Commonly known as "horse race" and "black disease", it is a devastating leaf disease. At the beginning of the disease, the leaves showed water-soaked yellow spots, which later expanded into yellow-brown irregular polygonal plaques. When wet, there were gray mold layers on the back of the lesions. The incidence of downy mildew is 20~24°C. After the onset, it should be treated with 25% toxic WP 1500 times solution, 25% metalaxyl 500 times solution, 75% chlorothalonil 600 times solution, 58% nail cream. It can be controlled by 400 times of Mn-Mn-Zn or 90% of Phytophthora sinensis. It can be sprayed once a week according to the condition.

4. Powdery mildew

It is mainly harmful to leaves, petiole and stem vines, which is easy to occur from the maturity stage to the maturity stage. At the beginning of the disease, white powdery spots appeared on the leaves, and then expanded into white mold layers, and the petiole and stems spread in the late stage. In severe cases, the whole plant was covered by mildew. Powdery mildew can be sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil 500-800 times solution, 50% sulfur suspension agent 200-400 times solution or 40% polysulfur suspension. It can also be sealed with 45% chlorothalonil or sulfur powder 200-250 grams. Fumigation.

5. Locust

The mites suck on the sap on the back of the leaves and the young shoots and tender stems. After the leaves are invaded, they shrink and the growth stagnates, which seriously affects the growth of fruit set. The chemical method for controlling aphids can be sprayed with a single chemical solution such as imidacloprid or a biological method such as yellow plate trapping.

6. Whitefly

The white powder extracts the plant juice, and the damaged leaves are chlorotic, yellow, wilting, and even the whole plant is dead. White powder mites secrete a large amount of honey liquid, which seriously pollutes leaves and fruits, induces coal pollution, hinders photosynthesis, spreads viral diseases, and affects yield and quality. The control of whitefly can be sprayed with sputum and sputum.