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Over voltage and load transformers will cause over-voltage and atmospheric over-voltage when switching on or being subjected to lightning. The frequency of operating over-voltage is higher because the lightning rod device can effectively prevent the transformer from being struck by lightning and the transformer is overloaded for a long time. The state will cause overvoltage. Generally speaking, when the value of the voltage exceeds 2 to 4.5 times of the rated voltage, it indicates that the operation overvoltage occurs: the load is also called overload. The overload is due to the transformer operating for a long time, the temperature is too high, the insulator is damaged, the transformer accelerates Caused by aging.
If the oil temperature is too high and the oil level is abnormal, when the transformer is in normal operation, the upper oil temperature in the transformer should be about 95°C, preferably 85°C, and the temperature rises up and down at 55°C. The internal temperature of the transformer is not much different from the internal component temperature. . If the transformer's signal oil thermometer measurement exceeds the above range, it indicates that the transformer has experienced a high temperature fault. The main causes of transformer high-temperature faults include damage to the insulator of the winding, multi-point grounding of the iron core, poor heat dissipation conditions, severe magnetic leakage, moisture in the transformer insulation, overload of the transformer, and poor material quality of the transformer.
The abnormality of the transformer oil is mainly because the oil level in the oil is abnormal. Low oil temperature, severe oil leakage in transformers, obstruction of venting of explosion-proof pipes, and obstruction of oil standard pipes all result in abnormal oil levels in transformers. The failure of the maintenance personnel to fill fuel according to the regulations is also an important reason for the abnormality of the transformer oil level.
Core insulation and poor grounding in the general operation of the transformer core ground current should be less than 0.1A. The silicon steel plates in the core of the transformer all have a layer of insulating paint. The ground of the iron core depends on the copper plate and the clamps and the ground bolts of the silicon steel plate. If the silicon steel plate is loose, the insulating paint film on the surface will be damaged. Core grounding will generate eddy currents. When the eddy current reaches a certain limit, it will cause the aging of the insulation film of the iron core. The bad grounding of the iron core will cause continuous power generation of the transformer, which will increase the voltage and cause transformer failure.
Transformer oil leakage problem Transformer oil leakage is different from oil leakage, which belongs to the case of excessive oil leakage. Transformer leakage generally occurs in the transformer valve position. Transformer valve material is poor, improper installation leads to incomplete thread connection, crack phenomenon, these are the main oil leakage point of the transformer: the rubber pad grounding can also lead to oil leakage problems, the pad grounding can cause damage to the small porcelain bottle, affect the plastic The sealing of the mat and the outflow of the high-pressure line pipe base are the root causes of the oil leakage. In addition, the poor material quality of the transformer and the rough manufacturing are important reasons for the leakage of the transformer.
Casing failure Casing failure is mainly caused by problems such as discharge of the switch joint, melting of the switch surface, unreasonable configuration of the respirator, poor drying and impurity removal, cracks in the sleeve, and damage to the insulator. Casing faults are mainly flashover discharges, explosions, and oil leaks. The most common casing failure is the moisture leakage and the flashover leakage of the casing caused by moisture infiltration. It is also the most serious casing failure. Severe casing failure will reduce the insulation of the casing, accelerate the casing aging, and even cause transformer explosion.
Other abnormalities of the transformer Other abnormalities of the transformer are mainly manifested in the abnormal appearance of the transformer. Abnormal appearance of the transformer includes abnormal colors and abnormal odors. Poor explosion-proof membrane material, blocked respirator, and non-hermeticity of the valve can cause damage to the explosion-proof tube explosion-proof membrane, or the pressure release valve can be pulled or mishandled, resulting in abnormal appearance of the transformer. The main changes in the appearance of the transformer are the appearance of dullness in the clamps, contamination of the casing, ozone gas emission, and deterioration of the silicone in the respirator. The discoloration of the silica gel of the respirator is mainly due to the discoloration of the moisture absorber due to the high humidity of the air. The water molecules in the air enter the respirator through the cracks in the silicone glass cover. The oil level of the oil seal cover is too low and the capacity of the respirator is too small. The gas operation problem is mainly caused by gas abnormality in other relays. When the gas in the gas relay is too low, it can easily cause gas action.
Analysis of Common Faults in Power Transformers
Analysis of 7 common failures of power transformers Interpretation of abnormal sounding of transformers The sound of transformers operating normally is uniform, low, and continuous. If the transformer emits intermittent and sharp, loud sounds, the internal components of the transformer have failed. Transformer overload, transformer internal or surface leakage, iron core bolts and loose clamps can cause abnormal sound of the transformer. If the transformer emits a sound similar to water boiling, it can be judged as transformer winding short-circuit fault, when the transformer makes a relatively sharp sound It shows that the transformer core bolts and clamping parts are loose, and the continuous cracking sound of the transformer sound is caused by the damage of the transformer's surface or internal insulators.