At room temperature, gaseous carbon dioxide can be converted into carbon electricity by means of liquid metal electrocatalyst

According to foreign media New Atlas, some scientists believe that if we are to curb the worst of climate change, it is not enough to reduce future carbon dioxide emissions-we need to capture the carbon dioxide that is already in the air. Capturing carbon from the air and isolating it is a viable strategy. Now scientists have developed a new method that can convert carbon dioxide gas into solid "coal" and then store it underground, or even use it for electronics element.

Many projects are currently trying new methods of capturing carbon from emission points. The gas is absorbed by metal organic frameworks, porous powders, bubble-like membranes or materials made of clay or coffee grounds. But what about the captured carbon? After extracting from these capture materials, the gas can then be reused to make concrete, carbonated drinks or fuel, or more gas can be hidden underground. To store carbon dioxide, it is usually compressed into liquid form or combined with water, and then injected deep into the ground. According to reports, it interacted with basalt rocks and solidified into carbonate minerals in just two years.

But other studies have found that this process may not be as effective as it seems. An MIT survey found that only a thin layer of the top layer hardened-still a large gas bag underneath. This makes it temporarily away from the atmosphere, but may leak in the future and release it all back into the air.

Therefore, this new study started to solidify the carbon before curing it underground, giving it no chance to "escape". The team consists of researchers from Australia, Germany, China and the United States.

The key to the new method is a liquid metal catalyst composed of gallium alloy and cerium. The research team first dissolved carbon dioxide in a beaker containing electrolyte, then added a small amount of liquid metal catalyst. When an electric current is applied, the catalyst chemically activates the surface of the mixture, which slowly converts carbon dioxide into solid carbon flakes.

The catalyst is designed as an excellent electrical conductor, and the reaction proceeds efficiently. Because it is a liquid, the carbon flakes will not stick to it. If it is a solid catalyst, they will often appear like this. This can make it run longer without scaling.

The researchers said that this process can be completed at room temperature, unlike other carbon conversion processes that require high temperatures, which consume a lot of energy. The method can also be done in a laboratory with relatively inexpensive and common equipment, and has a small power source.

"So far, carbon dioxide has only been converted to solids at extremely high temperatures, making it industrially infeasible," said study author Torben Daeneke. "By using liquid metals as catalysts, we have demonstrated that gas can be converted to carbon at room temperature, which is an efficient and scalable process. Although more research is needed, this is the key step."

Once the carbon is solidified, it can be safely stored underground indefinitely without worrying that it will leak back into the atmosphere. But interestingly, this is not the only possible result.

"An incidental benefit of this process is that carbon can maintain charge and become a supercapacitor, so it may be used as a component of future vehicles," said Dorna Esrafilzadeh, the study's first author. "The process also produces synthetic fuel as a by-product, which can also be used in industrial applications."

The technology has great potential to help remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere, but like any research of this kind, more research is needed to determine how effective it is from a logistics and economic perspective on an industrial scale .

The research was published in the journal Nature.

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