Zhang Boting, deputy secretary-general of the China Hydropower Engineering Society, believes that the balance between hydropower planning, environmental protection, and resettlement needs to be balanced. At present, China's economy continues to grow rapidly and electricity demand is strong. In this situation, better use of renewable energy will become an effective way to adjust the energy structure. The "12th Five-Year Plan for Energy Development" proposes to give priority to the development of hydropower, and the "Twelve Five-Year Plan for Hydropower Development" clearly defines the future development goals of hydropower. The hydropower project will become one of the main themes of power construction in the coming period, and it needs to grasp the overall situation for its development and utilization. Zhang Boting, deputy secretary-general of the China Hydropower Engineering Society, believes that planning, environmental protection, and resettlement are issues that need to be properly addressed in the construction of hydropower. In-depth implementation planning draws on international experience China's "12th Five-Year Plan for Hydropower Development" pointed out that it is necessary to comprehensively promote the construction of large-scale hydropower energy bases in the western region, rationally develop surplus water energy resources in key river basins in the central region, and orderly carry out expanded expansion of power stations in the eastern region and pumped-storage-capacity construction. At the same time, according to the characteristics and progress of the previous work of hydropower, the plan also made clear the preliminary work of hydropower, mainly including river and hydropower planning, research and demonstration of key river sections, survey and design of major projects, and selection of pumped-storage power stations. Some specific contents include: comprehensively promoting the construction of the Jinsha River, the Yalong River, the Dadu River, the upper reaches of the Yellow River, and the Lancang large-scale hydropower energy base; accelerating the development of hydropower energy bases in the middle reaches of the Jinsha River; and starting the construction of large hydropower energy bases in the upper reaches of the Jinsha River and the middle and lower reaches of the Nujiang River We will actively promote the construction of the energy bases following the “West-to-East Electricity Transmission†in southeastern Tibet; the construction of pumped-storage power stations shall be carried out in an orderly manner. Reasonably develop the remaining water resources in the Yellow River, the lower Han River, the water injection, the blocking river, and the Lancang River. We will focus on expansion and upgrading of already-built power stations such as Fengman. In response, Zhang Boting pointed out: "The hydropower development plan of our country is more reasonable, and the focus is to further strengthen and improve the promotion and implementation of the plan. Because the leading reservoir has a strong ability to store and discharge floodwater, such a reservoir is conducive to improving the comprehensiveness of China's hydropower projects. However, at present, most of the hydropower projects built in China are mostly static flows, and leading reservoirs are built later. “Adding leading reservoirs will greatly help increase the peak-sharing capacity of hydropower projects, which can not only reduce flood losses, but also increase the Water supplies water to areas where water is needed during droughts, reducing drought losses. At the same time, upstream rivers have large slopes, narrow river valleys, sparsely populated areas, inconvenient transportation, and underdeveloped economy. Therefore, in the construction of high dams upstream, the economic losses caused by submerging are generally smaller than those in the middle and lower reaches. Adopting the model of “leading reservoir plus multi-level water diversion†can also reduce flooding land migration and reduce the impact on the ecological environment. It is understood that at present, the development of hydropower projects in China is managed at multiple levels by the central government, provinces, cities, counties, etc. Governments at all levels can sign agreements with developers. Multi-headed management is not conducive to standardizing the granting of development rights for water resources. Zhang Boting said: "The advanced experience in the world can be learned. Taking the United States as an example, hydropower construction is under the direct control of the state. This approach avoids the disadvantages of long-term competition and multi-headed management, and is conducive to overall planning and efficiency." Conscientiously do a good job EIA pays attention to ecological protection At present, environmental impact assessments must be carried out before the construction of all engineering projects, and follow-up work can only be carried out after the completion of the environmental assessment public notice. Hydropower projects have already become the highlight of the future power construction market, and it is of utmost importance to carry out EIAs on them. In order to coordinate the relationship between resource consumption and environmental protection, and promote the rational development and sustainable use of hydropower resources, at the beginning of the project construction, we should increase the implementation of environmental impact assessment and countermeasure research of the river basin hydropower plan. To carry out basin EIAs needs to work closely with various departments, and at the same time fully understand the project characteristics, timely understand and master the relevant laws and policies, and eventually achieve the goal of unity and sustainable development. Among these, the cumulative impact of the ecological environment is also the focus of planning evaluation. Zhang Boting said: "In recent years, the construction of ecological dispatching systems has attracted everyone's attention. Some river basins have plenty of water, which provides favorable conditions for fish spawning. It is feasible to artificially change the flow conditions in these basins. However, some river basins themselves are subject to water restrictions. The same operation needs to be further studied. "At the moment, basic research on the life history of most fish is still blank, and research work on whether or not to establish a fish breeding station and where to build should be conducted on specific waters. Start construction as early as possible before starting construction. There has been a misunderstanding of public understanding of hydropower construction. In fact, hydropower construction is beneficial to environmental protection. On the one hand, water conservancy and hydropower projects can promote local economic and social development, help solve the "population-poverty-environmental deterioration" problem, and eliminate the root causes of ecological damage caused by poverty. On the other hand, it can directly exert its ecological functions. For example, hydropower can replace coal-fired power generation and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Zhang Boting said: “At the beginning of the project construction, it may have a certain impact on the ecological environment, but with the passage of time, the environment will be naturally restored. Because the hydropower project has a whole consideration from the design and planning, it can not only generate electricity, but also With the role of water regulation, it is beneficial to human development and the maintenance of the surrounding environment. For example, in the Nu River basin in China, due to the lack of a unified plan, surrounding villagers use the environment in an unordered manner, such as inadequacy in burning, and so on. The watershed and soil erosion of the watershed is serious, and although the environment has the function of natural restoration, if we can from the initial design and planning, to follow-up construction and construction, we will invest more human, material, and financial resources, and strive to maintain ecological balance and achieve economic and social and resource and environment. With the coordinated development, the construction of hydropower will be more conducive to the protection of the environment. According to industry reports, the increase in resettlement costs in recent years is the main reason why the final calculations for hydropower projects exceed the estimates. The submergence loss of hydropower projects is larger and more concentrated. The immigration in the reservoir area is dominated by the rural population, and the land placement capacity is limited. Therefore, issues such as property compensation, economic development in the reservoir area, and re-employment of immigrants have also become the key factors affecting the cost of hydropower construction. They are also the key issues of hydropower projects. It is of great significance to control project construction and smooth progress of construction. Previously, the issuance of Regulations on Compensation for Land Acquisition and Resettlement for Construction of Large and Medium-sized Water Conservancy and Hydropower Projects meant that the idea of ​​resettling the migrants before they were re-started was put on the agenda. "Now, it can be considered successful that a large number of immigrants can be resettled before the impoundment." According to Zhang Boting, the full realization of this vision requires the efforts of all parties, and the close cooperation of local governments is essential. In order to solve the problem of resettlement for hydropower construction, experts and scholars have pointed out that in the economic development of the reservoir area, we should strengthen basic farmland construction, control soil erosion, introduce science and technology, and take the road to high-yield, high-quality, and high-efficiency agricultural management that conserves resources. In exchange for land quality and increase land productivity, on this basis, we will accelerate the development of secondary and tertiary industries and promote economic development in the reservoir area, such as moderately developing tourism. Immigration is a social and political job that involves a wide range of activities and spans a long period of time. The practice of domestic large and medium-sized reservoir resettlement work has proved that establishing a sound organization and management institution is an effective way for resettlement. At the same time, it is an important part of resettlement to increase the skill level of the migrant labor force and make it a relatively competitive labor force. In recent years, China has shown some achievements in the production and reemployment training for immigrants.
Potassium Phosphate is an inorganic compound. Its chemical formula is K3PO4, also known as Tripotassium Phosphate. It is crystallized in a colorless or white orthorhombic system at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. There are hydrates, heptahydrates and nine hydrates. The common ones are anhydrous and deliquescent. Its relative molecular weight is 212.27, its relative density is 2.564 (17 C), its melting point is 1380 C, and it is soluble in water. Water is insoluble in ethanol.
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EINECS Number: 240-213-8
Chemical formula: K3PO4
Molecular weight: 212.27
Physical properties: colorless trapezoid crystal or white clean powder.
Relative density: 2564
Melting point: 1380 C
Solubility: soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol, alkaline in water solution, strong corrosive and strong hygroscopicity.
Potassium Phosphate Uses: Used for liquid soap, refined gasoline, high-quality paper, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, boiler water softener, medicine, base fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer.